Good Night and have a pleasant tomorrow. prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. The rebels It was a breeding ground for mass atrocities. Republican government in Madrid under Largo Cabellero was divided within itself, SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. 800 British ships, ranging from warships to fishing boats, crossed the channel from England to rescue over 300,000 British and French troops. It was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. Updates? EXAMPLE:The girl with the brown hair is a new student. Despite the absence of a real legal basis, the ICRC managed to negotiate access to prisoners and organized help for civilians. AP European History Terms: World War II: Ms., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Milady - Chapter 11 - Disorders and Diseases, USCG Rules Lights & Shapes (Rules 23 & 24), Letter to the author/ editor - useful phrases. His most prominent work, it is popularly known for its extended length and the notion of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine". You can view our. a military strategy used in a WWII where the Allies bombed the Japanese for days on end with the goal of weakening their defenses and bringing them to a surrender (which they never do). Fascism was on the march. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. He was later in command of the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion at Normandy. Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer, an fascist political organization founded by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 in opposition to the Second Spanish Republic. The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Sevilla (Seville), Granada, and Crdoba. judgment of his military advisors, sending bombers and soldiers to Spain in one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. In 1933, new elections produced a rightist government which promptly undid earlier reforms. Tsar of Russia from 1894-1917, who is largely described as being in the wrong position at the wrong time. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. A naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which forced America to enter the war, Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. BY SPRING 1936 THE PLOT TO OVERTHROW THE OUTBREAK OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR COUP D'?TAT Generals Mola, Goded, Fanjul and Franco (later) Sanjurjo was nominal leader but he was in exile in Portugal Mola became the main organiser Included lots of younger, more junior officers Met 8 March 1936 Agreed that if Caballero took . By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. General Francisco Franco More from Heimler's History:AP REVIEW PACKS (aka, Ultimate Review Packet): +AP Euro: bit.ly/3DHtvz1+AP Government: https://bit.ly/377xQMD+APUSH: https://bit.. On July 17, 1936, army officers in Spanish Morocco, North Africa, launched a revolt against the government. On one side were the anarchists and militant socialists, who viewed the war as a revolutionary struggle and spearheaded widespread collectivization of agriculture, industry, and services; on the other were the more moderate socialists and republicans, whose objective was the preservation of the Republic. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. artillery. Although largely overshadowed by the Supermarine Spitfire, the aircraft became renowned during the Battle of Britain. The Nationalists had no such Within months Barcelona would fall, and on March 28, 1939, some 200,000 Nationalist troops entered Madrid unopposed. The final Republican offensive stalled at the Ebro River on November 18, 1938. a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. The protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. political idealism. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. The Republicans tried to turn their rag-tag militia into an effective fighting Associated with the phrase "God, death, what is higher.". Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. Hitler unleashed his air force or Luftwaffe, including the entire Condor Legion, which practiced in Spain the tactics it would use in the larger conflict to come. Tolls is such an international brigadier. Government of the unoccupied part of France after the countries defeat by Germany, French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970). Free trial is available to new customers only. French politician, was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. (p. 797). one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters, French intellectual, novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of In Search of Lost Time (in French la recherche du temps perdu, also translated as Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction consisting of seven volumes published from 1913 to 1927, a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. a gathering of 730 delegates from all 45 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. . He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Successfully staved off an invasion by the German Luftwaffe. There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of a document that is an attempt to control king (Charles I) included: -no taxes unless approved by Parliament -no forced loans, no martial law in peacetime, no imprisonment without trial, no quartering of soldiers -KING NOT ABOVE LAW Charles agreed to the petition only because he needed the money lead up to Civil War an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Socialist SFIO and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. While the European democracies stayed aloof, totalitarian powers both communist and fascist sent soldiers and supplies. One of the most striking images of 20th-century art, Guernica is a nightmare vision of violence, pain, and chaos. Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito They fought against Spanish Nationalist forces, who were led by General Francisco Franco and assisted by Nazi German and Fascist Italian forces. By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. Ch. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence It was Hitler's ultimate goal behind the Holocaust. He was followed in May 1937 by Juan Negrn, also a socialist, who remained premier throughout the remainder of the war and served as premier in exile until 1945. The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. He was later in command of the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion at Normandy. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . Picasso uses jagged, fragmented forms and distorted faces to great effect, creating an atmosphere of panic and terror. His German allies pursued their experiments. | In response, France, under Poincar, occupied the Ruhr Area. In 1931, leftist Republican parties triumphed in municipal and national elections, forcing Alfonso to leave Spain. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. His and his wife. The Nationalists and Republicans proceeded to organize their respective territories and to repress opposition or suspected opposition. A bit of a rabid dog. organization founded after World War II to promote international peace and cooperation. Spanish Civil War This war broke out in 1936, and made the new European alignment that found the Western democracies on one side and the fascist states on the other clearer. Earnest Hemingway and other prominent American intellectuals and writers joined the group. First published in 1929, it was based on a series of lectures she delivered at Newnham College and Girton College, two women's colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. A British army general who defeated the Germans at El Alamein in Egypt, and began pursuing them westward. a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. The Germans handed the Austrians a "blank check" in how to deal with Serbia after Franz Ferdinand's assassination. Catalonia fell during February, and Valencia and Madrid collapsed Corrections? government took power. the most bloody of the comparatively few European battles American forces experienced in WWII, the 19,000 American dead, stragety of Allies in World War 2 of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others, Suicide attacks by bomb-laden Japanese planes, a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945). The Germans were far less generous, but sent the famous Condor War almost entirely in France. held at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, from January 14 to 24, 1943, to plan the European strategy of the Allies during World War II. The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. Republican violence occurred primarily during the early stages of the war before the rule of law was restored, but the Nationalist violence was part of a conscious policy of terror. First amphibious invasion ever. The Schlieffen Plan was constructed by Germany to deal with fighting a two-front war. support was not enough. Ap Euro Dbq. Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco his people viewed him as a god. His term of endearment for JEws. He was a Swiss reformed Christian theologian and a leader in the neo-orthodox movement. a German film director, dancer and actress, and widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. Correct the punctuation in the following sentences by placing semicolons and colons where they are needed. Corrections? Whither thou goest, I will go, as it says in Ruth 111 161616. Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). Pan-Slavism was preached by leading Russians in the years of the Russo-Turkish War. His third period as Prime Minister was during the crisis of the Great Depression when he formed a "National Government" in which a majority of MPs were from the Conservatives, and as a result he was expelled from the Labour Party. This island was the site of the US's first invasion of Japanese-held territory. tanks, superior to the German Mark IIs, arrived in October, along with advanced The point of the alliance was an assurance that if one nation went to war with 2 or more powers, then the others would join the war alongside the nation. an extended essay by Virginia Woolf. Nationalist, fascist leadership proved more effective at carrying Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Thus, the 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as genuine For each of the following sentences, tell whether the italicized word or word group functions as an adjective or an adverb. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. It began in the United States and quickly spread to Europe and every part of the world, with devastating effects in both industrialized countries and those which export raw materials. defensive positions in a triangle of cities with the points in Madrid, Valencia, painting by Pablo Picasso, which he was already working on at the time of the Nazi German bombing of Gernika, Spain, by twenty-four bombers, on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, and which he decided to name after it. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1945 to 1951; the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term and the first to have a majority in Parliament. She started the journal Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag). Co-owner of one of the Irish Press Newspapers, he served in public office from 1917 to 1973, holding the various Irish prime ministerial and presidential offices. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. Purchasing The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. The war also had mobilized many artists and intellectuals to take up arms. fast, maneuverable British fighter plane that helped England win the Battle of Britain. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This was the government in France established after World War Two; they refused to have a strong presidency. The Ardennes attack was planned in total secrecy in almost total radio silence. aircraft and Soviet military advisors. great quantity. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. The captaincy of the Nationalists was gradually assumed by General Franco, leading forces he had brought from Morocco. 20% The Republicans, aided by the Soviet Union, At first it looked as if the plan would work, but Russia was able to mobilize its army much faster than anyone had anticipated and penetrated the border of East Prussia. General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. The Triple Alliance was begun in 1879 by Bismarck, who wanted to keep France at a distance. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. In any event, the proliferation of executions, murders, and assassinations on both sides reflects the great passions that the Civil War unleashed. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation.