Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. We appreciate you. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. /Length 14727 /Resources << The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. 7. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of /BitsPerComponent 8 After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. /F2 9 0 R PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. (Tanzi, 1996). 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Your email address will not be published. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. . The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. << If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . Nigeria. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Required fields are marked *. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. 3. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. . REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. 2. American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on Resource control: 3.7 7. % PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Your email address will not be published. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Adobe d C The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. You are welcome dear reader. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Required fields are marked *. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. Each state has the same level of self-governance. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines endobj As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing.