The London Assembly is aware of the issue, pledging to support teachers with homes for middle income Londoners, like teachers, . Students need to continue their studies to become a teacher, so this is one of the biggest reasons for being categorised as part of the middle-middle class. Is Reading on the outskirts of London? In addition, newly graduate teachers would be more likely to stay in the profession if some of their financial burden is relieved. Surely this must be a concern for the future, if teachers are unable to purchase homes without government subsidised schemes such as. Teachers on the upper pay range can earn a maximum of 43,685 a year in England outside London, 44,919 in the London fringe area, 48,055 in outer London and 53,482 in inner London.. another article which looks at how you can progress to the Upper Pay Range. A primary school teacher salary may rise when taking on new responsibility such as Head of Year. Especially for teachers in their early 20s where it could be a draw to work in London, and more likely to stay in the profession if they are not contending with tight financial margins. K2_Sy. <>
Clockwise from the north, they are: Enfield, Waltham Forest, Hackney, Islington, Camden, and Barnet. It pays to be a Londoner there are more jobs available in the capital than in any other part of the UK, and the average annual wage is much higher. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 24 0 R 25 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
The salaries of qualified classroom teachers working in maintained schools in England will fall within the Main Pay Range (MPR) or the Upper Pay Range (UPR). 0000009756 00000 n
Pt 1 Sept 07 1 Sept 08. endobj
RB1. You TLR payments can be given to classroom teachers for taking on additional responsibilities. Removing London Weighting from an employees wage would technically represent a change in the terms and conditions of their contract, unless theres a specific term allowing the employer to make such a change. The ruralurban fringe, also known as the outskirts, rurban, peri-urban or the urban hinterland, can be described as the landscape interface between town and country, or also as the transition zone where urban and rural uses mix and often clash together. Woolwich Ferry. Many resisted the call to increase wages at first, however, the labour shortages and retention crisis that preceded 1974 forced almost all organisations to offer some form of London compensation.. What are my rights when faced with redundancy at school? 2021/22. Teachers who reside elsewhere in the UK receive the standard teacher salary. ;[Gw-h The pay awards vary by profession. London FringeBinge moves theatre to unbridled dimensions. The London Assembly is aware of the issue, pledging to support teachers with homes for middle income Londoners, like teachers, who cant afford to buy a home on the open market. , the average price of a one-bedroom rental property in inner London is 1,300. Where a school that was previously a maintained school has converted to an academy, you may benefit from Transfer of Undertakings (TUPE) regulations. What is the inner London pay scale for teachers? This was in part due to competition for staff and led to Roseland allowances covering the counties in south east England, namely Hampshire, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex and Surrey. The new pay scales for teachers and school leaders for 2022-2023 have been confirmed by the Department for Education. READ MORE . So, if you are teaching on the main pay range in the inner London area on 35,000 your take home pay after Teachers' Pensions and student loan deductions (if applicable) would roughly be just below 2,000. At the upper end of the scale just 10% of those aged between 22 and 29 are earning around 40,000 per year and only 30% are earning over 30,000. Qualified teacher salary England (excluding London) and Wales 25,714 to 41,604. What Is The Most Famous Stadium In London? 08:00, 31 JAN 2016. Teachers salary scales in England with 5 + years experience for 2022/23 have increased by at 5% for M6 and above including all teachers on upper pay scale and school leadership. The pastoral care at the school has been second to none.' Faculty directors have designed and planned the curriculum well in a wide range of subjects. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Your salary as a qualified classroom teacher working in a maintained school in England is set within the Main Pay Range (MPR) or the Upper Pay Range (UPR). These reflect the variation in cost of living across the country, with a premium for those working in inner, outer or fringe areas of London. Andrew Lifford is a former secondary school teacher, teacher trainer and education researcher. 0000059870 00000 n
The City Fringe Opportunity Area (OA) is now defined in the London Plan as being approximately 901 hectares of land covering parts of the London boroughs of Islington, Tower Hamlets and Hackney. According to the London Assembly, the average price of a one-bedroom rental property in inner London is 1,300. Under the SSL-5, entry-level teachers and other employees who are receiving Salary Grade 11 will receive an increase from P20,754 a month to P22,316 in 2020; P23,877 in 2021; P25,439 in 2022; and P27,000 in 2023. Maximum 5,778 5,920. Movement with each of the pay ranges will be determined by a teacher's performance across the year, assessed formally as part of the appraisal process. Fringe London areas & boroughs UK teacher pay scales Bracknell Forest, Windsor & Maidenhead, Broxbourne, Dacorum, East Herts, Hertsmere, St Albans, Three Rivers, Thurrock, Watford, Welwyn Hatfield, South Bucks, Chiltern, Surrey local authority. Open Split View. 4 0 obj
As you rise up the pay ranges, you could earn as much as 125,098 as a headteacher, in Inner London. READ MORE . Check these against the gross monthly pay figure on your pay slip, and ask your head teacher to confirm that you will be paid the appropriate rate for 2022-23. STPCD minimum and maximum pay range They fall into three categories, and can be summarised as follows: TLR 1 and TLR 2 positions may be permanent or temporary, whilst TLR 3 posts are fixed-term and are not safeguarded. Its quite a long time, and would take even longer in London! endobj
Employers should be aware that all minimum wage rates increase on 1 April of each year. Are teachers working class or middle class? 0000067947 00000 n
Fringe. London has long been the number one choice for new graduates from any discipline, and teachers are no exception. Annual salaries for the pay ranges are as follows: So, if you are teaching on the main pay range in the inner London area on 35,000 your take home pay after Teachers Pensions and student loan deductions (if applicable) would roughly be just below 2,000. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
Can You Fly To London Without A Passport Ryanair? Last year I wrote an article outlining how long it would take the average teacher to save for the average house deposit. He has worked at Portland School, Google, The Key, Researchers in Schools and Teach First. If you are an Edapt subscriber with an employment-related issue, please contact us and we will be able to refer you to one of our caseworkers. The City Fringe Opportunity Area (OA) is now defined in the London Plan as being approximately 901 hectares of land covering parts of the London boroughs of Islington, Tower Hamlets and Hackney. Located well within the urban sphere of influence, the fringe is characterized by a wide variety of land use including dormitory settlements housing middle-income commuters who work in the central urban area. You will recall that in 2014 we last issued joint guidance on reference points with the teaching unions. Page The London Schools Atlas is an innovative interactive online map providing a uniquely detailed and comprehensive picture of London schools, current patterns of attendance and potential future demand for school places. Geir Darge provides a useful summary on the history of London weighting, he explains that: In 1974 a report carried out by the Pay Board concluded living within 4 miles of Charing Cross dramatically pushed up an individuals living expenses and to avoid labour shortages, employers should offer some form of compensation. 0000074534 00000 n
]1g %PDF-1.7
If youre a sports fan, you are spoilt for choice almost every weekend. The borough is also working hard to reduce the environmental impact by cutting carbon emissions, significantly reducing waste, and encouraging reuse by residents and businesses. So, if you are teaching on the main pay range in the inner London area on 35,000 your take home pay after Teachers Pensions and student loan deductions (if applicable) would roughly be just below 2,000. Many believe London is the worlds greatest city to live and work for a variety of reasons. stream
What should I do if I am being bullied by SLT? If a teacher can prove their competence in meeting the relevant standards and can demonstrate substantial and sustained contributions to the education setting, this application should be successful. You only have to spend an hour in any caf, bar or restaurant across London to hear a smorgasbord of English accents and languages. This article provides an overview of teacher pay scales in England for 2022/23. Reviews should take place annually to establish by how much a teachers salary will be increased. The borough is working on improving all the neighbourhoods and town centres so they feel safe and welcoming. Your schools pay policy should have further details on how it administers SEN allowances. 2 0 obj
In addition, a single London allowance is preferable to the inner/outer London allowances. 44,919. What is the average salary increase for 2022 UK? X?~\ ( q.NKWzqXkq8bTRRisG>w-X}0XfJi.B/_\J.WjU6S'dOGwsnO :* #Ii"Q|kRARk7X
FJ^BFEc'{2k?NZIfv^V9V6_Ts5?B~v 0:}^Y2k{+kjG*aVoT'Y$c
>, g;Q+l6vT? 0000051738 00000 n
regions within this area includes: in Berkshire: the Districts of Bracknell Forest, Slough and Windsor and Maidenhead. Meanwhile the state of Baden-Wurttemberg is offering teachers up to 600 Euros more per month for less work than teachers do in their first year in Berlin. Reading teachers should have the London fringe allowance, say councillors. )Ju./(=8/(O[Vs=$E=.-/%Fa"crg)t4nX P`xPRxL@?iCv[2&8N=j``( +z&A8
7V[Z: \r&2=Tz 44,541. The results revealed that 55% reported that they are between 1% and 10% higher, 40% are paying between 11% and 20% higher, while 4% are paying in excess of 20%. Teachers will probably not be surprised that the civil servants setting teachers pay will be paid more than them. The main pay scales difference for an M4 teacher, between fringe and inner London is about 3,366 or 17 per day if one takes 195 teaching days in the academic year. They include Camden, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, Lewisham, Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Wandsworth, and Westminster. With the government carefully balancing the books, there are a couple of approaches which could save the DfE with recruitment, supply, long-term sickness absence and retention costs in the long-term. Maps and guides to help you get around, available to view and download, See cycle routes and Santander Cycle docking stations, River maps available to view and download, Congestion Charge maps available to view and download, Ultra Low Emission Zone maps available to view and download, Low Emission Zone maps available to view and download, Interactive red routes map available to view. What matters to you in this context as a teacher coming to live and work in Lambeth is that it qualifies for the full Inner London Weighting! Schools must set out clearly in their pay policy the conditions that must be met to ensure progression through the pay range. In fact, the average rental price in Greater London is 1,560pcm. Is It Illegal To Carry A Plank Of Wood Down The Street In London. in Buckinghamshire: the Districts of South Buckinghamshire and Chiltern. Teaching has been voted one of the most respected careers in Britain, according to education charity, Teach First.
Nzdg{@)pFKP@`y-P^`.
J>e")JWW+hjWuIc9Dc7e*+%)8DR/#CKqF ]q) Y!D2Yl{V2OH8"v_D*XJ3 15 per cent of basic salary, subject to a: Minimum payment of 3,553 and a maximum payment of 4,528, 5 per cent of basic salary, subject to a: Minimum payment of 971 and a maximum payment of 1,682, Financial Managers (and Chartered Secretaries). Its quite a long time, and would take even longer in London! From 2015 onwards our aim for this circular is set out issues that will influence local decision-making and then to do the maths on what we think are likely to be the most common models. In many ways, London is the ideal place to kick start your teaching career, and within London, we recommend Lambeth!. There are different rates depending on where you live in London. 8 0 obj
<>
endobj
xref
8 29
0000000016 00000 n
The background of the London weighting system can be traced back to the 1974 report of the Pay Board. Annual salaries for the two pay ranges are as follows: Movement with each of the pay ranges will be determined by a teachers performance across the year, assessed formally as part of the appraisal process. Payment 1 . Pay in London is much higher than any other part of the country. This would also reduce travel costs for these teachers, and it would also improve recruitment and retention costs in the long-term. In fact, over a quarter of graduates move to London after university to experience the dynamism of this great city. 0000071074 00000 n
, teacher pay, specifically for those working in London will become a major issue in future years. In line with the recommendations in the STRBs 32nd Report, from 1 September 2022 a 5% increase will be applied to all pay and allowance ranges and advisory points, with higher increases to some parts of the Main Pay Range as a step towards achieving a minimum starting salary of 30,000. I believe housing and accommodation needs to be looked at separately from teachers base salaries in London and will need intervention if we want experienced and the most effective teachers to stay in the profession. There would also be significant savings in recruiting, retaining and other factors such as reduced long-term sick pay costs. construction firm which has identified six or seven sites, where there is land surplus to the play[ground] requirements on which housing units could be built. Our live Tube map app helps you plan travel on the move. Primary school teacher salary UK - on average, approximately 31,000 per year, before tax. . 0000068171 00000 n
efy#/;E"W;J\x`)VWB}rY!C>A9}Dlf BR)z2Q&(|71CYO9[#f SQSPLUvvIau)S@!f.:dDU@ nu9L:O*`'Cc+)L}EZ>qNJU 'R
hlWIkE*. London 26,948 to 42,780 (fringes), 29,915 to 45,766 (outer), 32,157 to 50,935 (inner) Scotland 32,994 to 41,412. With early career teachers close to the schools they work in, it would i. . Outer London. Edapt (UK) Ltd is a company registered in England: 7830046. another article on Edapt for more information about TUPE. With an average reported salary of $67,930 per year in 2012, registered nurses tend to make more than teachers. The average salary for NQT jobs in London is 44,222. In mid-2018, the National Education Union conducted a survey of its members in London to get their views on salaries, housing and staff turnover. 0000074119 00000 n
Cite. c[H}6X=X^A(lJ@rrr"B\~>5kBm`a`xl612`@3Z@
` m
endstream
endobj
9 0 obj
<>>>/Lang(en-GB)/Metadata 6 0 R/Outlines 3 0 R/Pages 5 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/W/Thumb 4 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>>
endobj
11 0 obj
<>
endobj
12 0 obj
<>
endobj
13 0 obj
[/ICCBased 24 0 R]
endobj
14 0 obj
<>stream
20% of basic salary, subject to a: minimum payment of 4,200 and a maximum payment of 6,469. 1 Sept 07 1 Sept 08. an area on an outer edge or periphery. However, these high prices do not seem to deter new graduate teachers from choosing London as their first choice destination (and we look at how to make living in Lambeth more affordable here). The members recommended an extra payment to compensate for the extra living costs in London. New entrants to the teaching profession can expect to earn at least 22,000 (or 28,000 in London). 1 Basildon 10 Elmbridge 2 19 Sevenoaks 28 Watford 2 Bracknell Forest 11 Epping F orest 20 Slough 29 Waverley 3 Brentwood 12 Epsom & Ewell 21 South Bucks 30 Welwyn Hatfield 4 Broxbourne 13 Guildford 22 Spelthorne 31 Windsor & Maidenhead 5 Chiltern 14 Harlow 23 St Albans 32 Woking 6 Crawley 15 Hertsmere 24 Surrey Heath 7 Dacorum 16 Mole Valley 25 Tandridge 8 Dartford 17 Reigate & Banstead TfL Tube and Rail maps, Bus maps, Santander Cycle maps, River maps, Congestion Charge maps, Oyster Ticket Stop map, visitor and tourist maps, audio maps. Northern Ireland 22,243 to 37,870. What areas are covered by the London fringe pay scale? j9]Hi1JOoNIiLirF\N1P @_FNh=d. greater than 1. [tcb_pagination_total_pages]. That this House notes that teachers working in schools in inner and outer London and the fringe areas do invaluable work; further notes that the current cost of living allowances paid to these teachers are too low; acknowledges the difficulties experienced by many head teachers in dealing with staff resignations due to lack of affordable accommodation; notes the burden placed on school budgets . But of course, teachers just like anyone else getting on the employment ladder in the capital welcomes the London salary weighting system. Teachers across the country will benefit from pay increases of between 5% and 8.9% which will be backdated from 1st September 2022. noun. Of course, teaching in London provides a rewarding and unique experience for many fresh graduates, but all this fun does come at a price. This is the average yearly salary including housing, transport, and other benefits. The lower-middle class is among the largest social classes, rivaled only by the working class, and it is thought to be growing. Teachers salaries As a newly qualified teacher, youll begin on a salary of at least 25,714, or 32,157 in Inner London. The possibilities are endless. )1jj:?2]T]5BP2zH9*&j|;eo@8BhNRno?9c mH| Max 46,125 48,437. The Broxbourne School Hertfordshire. Which Country Is Best For Indian Students? M2 (min) 1 0 obj
<>
in Berkshire: the Districts of Bracknell Forest, Slough and Windsor and Maidenhead in Buckinghamshire: the Districts of South Buckinghamshire and Chiltern in Essex: the Districts of Basildon, Brentwood, Epping Forest, Harlow and Thurrock This class includes people who have a post-secondary education. The views in this post do not represent the views of Edapt. Excellent Teacher Outer London and. qmfyT0q dE+4/ppDx*_:M)8 48,055. These reflect the variation in cost of living across the country, with a premium for those working in inner, outer or fringe areas of London. In fact, Londoners earn over 10,000 more (on average) than people in most cities. In research funded by the charity Trust for London, they showed that the London Weighting needs to be about 7,700 per year in Inner London and over 6,200 in Outer London to cover the additional minimum cost of living in the capital. 0000073788 00000 n
<>
They use this to good effect to plan learning activities. 2 0 obj
Under this classification, Outer London consists of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, and Waltham Forest. 0000027987 00000 n
nKOtVeQ:-yi-HX>AV>FnPc It also indicates stations with step-free access, riverboat services, trams, airports and more. Is it any wonder so many newly qualified teachers cant wait to start teaching in London? Agenda for change 1 April 2020 This table shows the annual values for the NHS terms and conditions (Agenda for Change) pay points including High Cost Area Supplements (HCAS), for inner, outer, and fringe London, from 1 April 2020. Outer London. The teacher pay element is greater than 1 if all or part of the local authority is in the Fringe, Outer London or Inner London teachers' pay bands. Is Havering outer London or Fringe? The Leading Practitioner Pay Range rewards consistently high-performing teachers who wish to focus on modelling excellent practice and raising the standard of teaching across the school. All qualified teachers will have a starting salary of at least 28,000. The diverse array of sports on offer, range from football to tennis, from cricket to rowing, rugby to basketball, and most recently even American Football is on offer. Map of local authority areas within the Education and Skills Funding Agency's definition of London's "fringe" 1 Basildon 10 Elmbridge 19 Sevenoaks 28 Watford 2 Bracknell Forest 11 Epping Forest 20 Slough 29 Waverley 3 Brentwood 12 Epsom & Ewell 21 South Bucks 30 Welwyn Hatfield As with the other pay ranges, there are no longer fixed salary points; it is the responsibility of a school to publish a pay policy detailing the structures in place. If you would like to find out more information on t, eachers pay and conditions, you can read our articles in our. What is considered London fringe area? j1)YRhGF+Okj/OS/&;o|o8'KWn6iT_6qx}f]wHm- aE.WQT|
#p*J>XG_bB~=Vs}-}RAU)yb/2gy)LnKJziN?G1wKtizAa, Teacher Strikes 2023: what are my rights as a supply teacher? Why was this felt so acutely in the mid-70s? 0000001290 00000 n
You can compare this with the average rental price for the rest of the United Kingdom currently at 749pcm. No single organisation sets the London allowance. 0000002380 00000 n
<>
Max. jQ |rw=q*Y#-z w@CL~,aEx?,-8u+!U+G,SRzHa:i/{1=H38kSb:m\Pi1RhKaIQF k*)g65b.Gtd4fk* ]8!-FAOj~ P:47=xNZS This article may contain information sourced from public sector bodies and licensed under the Open Government Licence. Oyster Ticket Stop interactive map to find your nearest Oyster shop. Teaching salaries. They also understand the need to provide high-quality leisure and cultural facilities, as well as maintaining Lambeths award-winning parks. Especially come to retirement age if a large proportion of public sector workers in the capital dont own their homes. "OE(DM lJ&7j}=lcn`=-AjCZ/zi8h|~?(\z{hx)=mE[6A]LQL dyh3mATdf.( s| Lsz=?oMUlB{HB{rSwFf@{LhjR{PR{\H*zA?8k).(W;%M3fX={
S;qa=(Fa=.$d~X@urz9r:Q(7a"! It might have had something to do with the boom and then bust in trading the City had felt. These are currently 10 of the highest paying jobs in the UK. A survey by Incomes Data Services of 95 organisations found that the average London allowance payments in 2013/14 were as per the table below. x[o;`EJIz The fringe areas are defined as those districts where teachers are eligible for London fringe payments. . Done updating my favourites. teaching. RB5. This pay scale was outlined in the 2019 School Teachers Pay and Conditions Document (STPCD). "*E9&rXSLOuVmgOMmR.cx24c"?D3V
g? 0000052346 00000 n
definition. Min 35,875 37,672. Its not a good idea to favour one group of workers over another as this would create division and inequality. What Is The London Fringe Area For Teachers? The High-Cost Area (HCA) allowance, also referred to as London Weighting, is a payment made to employees who work in London and the surrounding areas. It follows the announcement earlier this year of a 5 per cent increase for most teachers and leaders, and an 8.9 per cent increase in starting salaries. This sometimes leaves schools and academies in certain boroughs within Hertfordshire short whilst they struggle to attract permanent and supply teachers to fill vacancies. In other countries there are more complex regional variations, such as in. Sir Dan Moynihan, chief executive of the Harris Federation of academies, has previously told, that if someone doesnt do something, there will be, Teachers will probably not be surprised that the civil servants setting teachers pay will be paid more than them. For example, those on either UK ancestry visas, or youth mobility visas, can opt for either full time or casual supply work. The pay ranges are as follows: Teachers training in maintained schools following the Schools Direct salaried programme will be paid according to the Unqualified Teachers Pay Range. rented accommodation pricing young public sector workers out of the capital, Even though the subject of teacher workload is, often quoted as being one of the main causes of teacher retention. . Which Boroughs Make Up the Inner London Area for UK Teacher Pay Scales? A person working in London typically earns around 86,400 GBP per year. 5% of basic salary, subject to a minimum payment of 846 and a maximum payment of 1,466. There could be calls to increase the London salary weighting but it would be interesting to see more innovative approaches to the problem. Teaching in London is a rewarding and unique opportunity for many teachers. of The non-teaching staff pay element is greater than 1 if the GLM labour costs are greater than a 7 More precisely, the proportions are 54.4% : 27.4% : 18.2%. Even domestically, teachers in Cardiff, Belfast and Edinburgh, even though devolved from the DfE, do not receive a salary uplift living in their respective capitals. F*w#KJUU '$PW[}:6FK^x$lE$"Q*e(\2,wT E4 c\h&oi5YjMTH)A/gT1yOxnZp'nf+j|qkg;hQ4VKzL5j ;4C}Y
! Housing specifically for school staff on low and middle income salaries at a subsidised cost. 1 0 obj
These are outlined in the School Teachers Pay and Conditions Document (STPCD). The salaries of qualified classroom teachers working in maintained schools in England will fall within the Main Pay Range (MPR) or the Upper Pay Range (UPR). And a flat rate for the other London boroughs. And these responses clearly reinforced the warning made by the School Teachers Review Body in its 2017 report that failing to act on teachers pay - and the corresponding threats to teacher recruitment and retention - presents a substantial risk to the functioning of an effective education system". 41,635. LOM5}1! gk7NB`8GU ~.Nn'(b2^"@v^.88 gd>zY
#-E[$DD9@[Ql,0I3CX4$3^!%*A9(8F@9>+R Previous. The Outer London differential is around 3,800 at the maximum of the pay ranges. With the draws of living and working in a world capital, great schools and the added reassurance of salary weighting, is it a no-brainer for those eager to have a long-term career in teaching? RB6. 1 : an ornamental border consisting of short straight or twisted threads or strips hanging from cut or raveled edges or from a separate band a lampshade with a fringe. It basically comes down to one word, rent. This page provides pay information for teachers and leaders for 2021/22. Inner London Area Outer London Area Fringe Area * Minimum 38,984 46,350 42,077 40,057 Maximum 59,264 66,638 62,361 60,341 Teaching Learning and Responsibility Payments Minimum Maximum TLR1 7,622 12,898 TLR2 2,640 6,450 TLR3 (temp) 523 2,603 Special Educational Needs Allowance .
Chris Hogan Financial,
Arby's Food Poisoning,
Articles L