non standardised outcome measures occupational therapy non standardised outcome measures occupational therapy

Main Outcome Measures: Not applicable. Three reliability studies have been conducted. Self-Care with 7 OTs rating 15 client case studies with a range of conditions including: stroke, acquired brain injury, arthritis, spinal cord injury, amputation, schizophrenia, depression, dementia, Parkinsons Disease, burns and cerebral palsy. 1-844-355-ABLE. 2014 Apr;61(2):58-66. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12080. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University, 1996. Nova Southeastern University. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. This study is part of the devel- opment of a performance-based outcome assessment called the Spinal Cord Injury-Movement Index (SCI-MI). Carols Individual Treatment Plans: Physiotherapy. (2016). The students chose at least one outcome measure used in the facility and documented the baseline and final performance after therapy on the outcome measure. It justifies the importance of taking a robust approach towards outcome measurement, and contains sections on validity, reliability and the often-overlooked aspect of clinical utility." Interviewing as a means of collecting self-report data. intervention and service provision; occupational therapy research; quality of life; reviews. By not using standardized outcome measurement tools, the value and benefits of OT services such as ADL and IADL training, patient and caregiver education, and training to use adapted equipment/assistive devices is anecdotal at best. Further research is needed to identify common outcome measures suited for use by OTs in acute inpatient hospital settings. OTs need easy access to information about the clinical utility and psychometric qualities of various measures to help with the appropriate selection and clinical applicability of standardized outcome measurement tools to measure functional outcomes in acute inpatient hospital practice. OTs role in acute care setting includes but is not limited to facilitating early mobilization, restoring function, preventing further decline, and coordinating care on transition and discharge planning. The impact of familiarity on performance. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(6), 643650. (2015). IntroductionMonomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening condition often observed in patients with structural heart disease. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78(12), 1309-1315. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90302-6, Pan, A. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 12(8), 340-346. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52, 843-850. doi:10.5014/ajot.52.10.843, Bernspang, B., Fisher, A. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. (2012). Improving assessment and measurement practice: where to begin? It begins by defining what is meant by assessment, outcome, evaluation and measurement and discussing the complexity of therapy assessment and measurement, including the challenge of measuring human behaviour and the impact of factors such as task demand and context, including the environment. 2. feedback given to client. Eyssen IC, Steultjens MP, de Groot V, Steultjens EM, Knol DL, Polman CH, Dekker J. Disabil Rehabil. Extracurricular and interpersonal life experiences. All rights reserved. Section GG - Medicare Self-Care Measures Reference. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: A quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. London Conclusion: achieving an effective and efficient assessment. The requirement to demonstrate effectiveness. Thanks for helping us invest in our patients. This page presents the best available information on how outcome measures for stroke might be classified and selected for use, based upon their measurement qualities. . AMPS Manual, Volumes 1 and 2 (included in the course cost), Sticky notes or page markers to denote specific sections of manual, AMPS items and raw scores are never valid, must be computer generated, Client must be marginally motivated or willing to perform this simple ADL task, Client must be familiar with the selected ADL task, When using AMPS with pediatric populations, the typical and age-appropriate occupational performance must be considered, Clients with severe cognitive or language impairments are allowed to practice the ADL task to assure understanding. BAYLEY SCALES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT (BSID) First, this is a retrospective study and our students only practiced eight weeks during their fieldwork course. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(9), 570-575. (1993). Robinson, S.E. The Use of Standardised and Non-Standardised Assessments in a Social S. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar. Assessment of motor and process skills. Your gift of Ability affects everythingwe do every day at Shirley Ryan AbilityLab from the highest-quality clinical care and groundbreaking research to community programs that improve quality of life. The 16 ADL motor skill items are divided into 4 domains (Body Position, Obtaining and Holding Objects, Moving Self and Objects, Sustaining Performance). Purpose. Download Product Flyer is to download PDF in new tab. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(2), 210-213. doi:10.5014/ajot.56.2.210, Fioravanti, A. M., Bordignon, C. M., Pettit, S. M., Woodhouse, L. J., & Ansley, B. J. The AMPS is designed to examine interplay between the person, the ADL task and the environment. Occupational therapy discharge assessment of elderly patients from acute care hospitals. Chapter 11:Implementing the optimum assessment and measurement approach (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT). Clinical Rehabilitation, 20(12), 10381049. ADL process skills rate the competency when one selects and interacts with tools and materials and changes performance when problems are encountered. The relationship between the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Large Cognitive Level (LACL) test in clients with stroke. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The outcome measures used by the students included: modified Functional Independence Measure (two settings), the Functional Independence Measure (one setting), the Boston University 6 click AM-PAC (one setting), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (one setting), and self-reported goals by patients (one setting). Analysing your current assessment practice. Two settings recorded only baseline evaluations and one recorded only the baseline goals. Change from admission to discharge for clients, Using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, all significant, p<.001, for mixed client population including: Abu-Awad, Y., Unsworth, C.A., Coulson, M., & Sarigiannis, M. (2014). The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is an observational assessment that measures the performance quality of tasks related to activities of daily living (ADL) in a natural environment. Only three settings documented both baseline and discharge outcome measurement data. In January 2018, U.S. News & World Report ranked occupational therapy is 11th of the 100 best jobs for 2018. 3. no adjustments to instruction. British College of Occupational Therapists: Research briefing: Measuring Outcomes, November 2015. VT-ART delivers focused, high-dose radiation, usually in a single fraction of 25 Gy, allowing . doi: 10.1177/0733464809340153, Doble, S.E., Fisk, J.D., Fisher, A.G., Ritvo, P.G., & Murray, T.J. (1994). The OSA is an evaluation tool and outcome measure based on the Model of Human Occupation (Kielhofner, 2002). Cultural issues and self-report data collection. AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 22(2), 8292. Before The wide use of this measure is consistent with earlier studies specific to cognitive impairments [ 11] as well as other general occupational therapy assessments [ 12 ]. It underpins all subsequent decisions including agreeing individualised goals and selecting appropriate interventions. Glassdoor ranked occupational therapy as 4th among the 50 best jobs in America in 2018. (1996). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44(11), 1342-1347. Why should therapists use standardised tests? La Trobe University, Melbourne. Mapping your current assessment and measurement process. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the All rights reserved. A scope review paper found that OTs are often time poor and within a right time frame are unable to extend their services to provide full intervention and to use currently available outcome measures necessary for the patients (Britton, et al., 2015). However, our students were asked to use at least the outcome measures being used at the acute care hospitals they were at, and they worked closed with the OTs working there to make sure the data collected were accurate enough. Using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) to measure outcomes for clients following stroke. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 5 (8), 369-376. Reliability of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs OT) Self-care scale. Bookshelf BMC Health Serv Res. Reflective practice as a component of continuing professional development. Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) half-day clinic assessment process. The smallest observable action of an occupation performed is called performance skills. A comparison of client outcomes from two acute care neurological services using self-care data from the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs - OT). The nature of human occupation and occupational performance. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6(3), 111-118. doi:10.1080/110381299443690, Haslam, J., Pepin, G., Bourbonnais, R., & Grignon, S. (2010). We will continue collecting the outcome tools data in future so we not only can see which tools are being used but also assess the appropriateness of the tools based on the measures. The COPM is an outcome measure designed for use by occupational therapists to assess client outcomes in the areas of self-care, productivity and leisure. Self-Care-Participation/ Restriction: Scale 5. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! (1994). All 12 scales found to be responsive for each of the 4 domains of Impairment, Activity, Participation and Distress/ Well-being for n=466; Age range for the 354 adults X=62.910,SD 20.370 and for the 106 children X=10.36, SD 26.365) (age missing for 6 adults) (Chen, 2015). Current pressures to document outcomes and demonstrate the efficacy of occupational therapy intervention arise from fiscal restraints as much as from the humanitarian desire to . Three reliability studies have been conducted. self-report, proxy) for collecting information about clients are then reviewed, and the main purposes of assessment (e.g. Differences between persons with right or left cerebral vascular accident on the Assessment of Motor and Process. doi:10.1080/J148v24n04_03, McNulty, M.C. Aikat, R. & Gomes, O. Pleasee-mail us! The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was the most widely used assessment, where 56.7% of our respondents reported using the COPM. Timing of assessment in the therapy process. Philanthropic support truly drives our mission and vision. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 16(4), 285- 291. demonstrate change (if any) resulting from. Fristedt, S., Elgmark, E. & Unsworth, C.A. SE1 1LB. Work, 37(1), 53-64. doi:10.3233/WOR-2010-1056, Kang, D.H., Yoo, E.Y., Chung, B.I., Jing, M.E., Chang, K.Y., Jeon, H.S. OT Practice Free Occupational Therapy Assessment Tools by Category February 19, 2021 Contents Hide 1 Cognition 2 ADLs 3 IADLs 4 Sleep 5 Health Management 6 Apraxia Cognition Kettle Test Short-Blessed Test Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Glasgow Coma Scale Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) ADLs The Use of Non-Standardised Assessments in Occupational Therapy with Children Who Have Disabilities: A Perspective. Self-Care-Participation/Restriction: Fristedt (2013) reported ICCs between .58 and .93 for the Intrarater reliability of the 15 raters across the case studies, for the 12 AusTOMs scales. Functional competence of community-dwelling persons with multiple sclerosis using the assessment of motor and process skills. If practices, score must be cautiously interpreted, If client has never learned how to perform ADL task, there is a chance to learn and practice the ADL task before AMPS is completed, AMPS score forms are available in English, German, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Slovenian, Process scores below the 1.0 log-odd probability units (logit) scale indicate poorer process functioning, Motor scores below the 2.0 log-odd probability units (logit) scale indicate poorer motor functioning. With the move towards Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the health sciences . Disclaimer. The nature of occupational therapy practice in acute physical care settings. The students avoided documenting any protected information as designated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act identifiers. The assignment of numbers for the purposes of assessment. Using an IADL assessment to identify older adults who need a behind-the-wheel driving evaluation. Jette, D. U., Grover, L., & Keck, C. P. (2003). The AMPS manual provides further information regarding detailed steps for AMPS administration, cultural activity considerations, situational circumstances that may impact administration, and additional information needed to properly administer the assessment. The use of standardised versus non-standardised assessments. Introduction: Reliability coefficients and standard error of measurement. Sze HLH, Fung CLB, Cheung PPP, Chim TYA, Lee MH, Law CCC, Lau WMB. Purpose. Cross-Cultural Validation of Health and Quality of Life Measures for Children in Hong Kong. No age group had differences in logits for ADL motor ability larger than 1.96 SEM (+ 0.49), No significant difference between regions, Process scores below the 1.0 logit scale indicate higher need for assistance (sensitivity = .81, specificity = .7), Motor scores below the 1.5 logit scale indicate higher need for assistance (sensitivity = - .67, specificity = .72), Extensive literature review; filming and observation of wide range of ADL tasks; Rasch model, Acceptable goodness-of-fit of tasks, skill items and participants, Only one ADL item, Aligns, demonstrated differential item functioning (DIF), but did not result in differential test functioning (DTF), AMPS is free of cross-regional bias when used in middle Europe. Carolyn Unsworth, Carolyn Unsworth. Dysarthria is a collective term referring to a group of movement disorders affecting the muscular control of speech. Only three settings documented both baseline and final outcome measurement data. Two settings completed only baseline evaluations and one recorded only the baseline goals. Diagnostic reasoning and the therapy diagnosis. The type of speech impairment most commonly reported in hereditary ataxias is dysarthria. The Activity Measure of Post-Acute Care is the most commonly used standardized assessment. They generate numerical data which can be OT outcome measures are used to determine the value and effectiveness of treatment in therapy. Bjorkdahl, A., Nilsson, A. L., Grimby, G. & Sunnerhagen, K. S. (2006). Measuring outcomes using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs - OT):Data description and tool sensitivity. Cross-regional validity of the assessment of motor and process skills for use in middle europe. A benchmark comparison of outcomes for clients with upper limb dysfunction following stroke using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT). By not using standardized outcome measurement tools, the value and benefits of OT services, such as ADL and IADL training, patient and caregiver education, and training to use adapted equipment/assistive devices is anecdotal at best. Further research is needed to identify or develop outcome measures suited for use by OTs in acute inpatient hospital settings. Follow us on Facebook @rehaboutcomes and Twitter @rehab_outcomes for more information about the Rehabilitation Measure Database and our other grants at the Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research. Perry, A., Morris, M., Unsworth, C., Duckett, S., Skeat, J., Dodd, K., Taylor, N. & Riley, K. (2004). It can be used in treatment planning, clinical management, audit and research. 3. adjustments can be graded (harder or easier) Become an occupational therapist brochure, Tips for your occupational therapy application, Degree Level Apprenticeship in Occupational Therapy, Join World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT), Tax relief and insurance for RCOT members, Senior leadership team and member get togethers, RCOT SS - Children, Young People and Families, Becoming an independent practitioner (member stories), RCOT SS - People with Learning Disabilities, RCOT SS - Trauma and Musculoskeletal Health, NHS issues advice for private practitioners wanting to return to work in the NHS, Preparing your child for returning to school, Practice placements crucial for sustaining the workforce supply pipeline, Recovering from COVID-19: Post-viral fatigue and conserving energy guides, Preparing for a return to school - how occupational therapists can help, RCOT supporting and safeguarding members returning to work during the pandemic, Scope of practice things to consider during COVID-19, Your health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 crisis, Joint call for Personal Protective Equipment for AHPs and Social Care, Financial support announced for self-employed, Emergency Bill to strengthen COVID-19 response plans becomes law, Government issues ethical framework for Adult Social Cares response to COVID 19, Inspire future occupational therapists: #ChooseOT, Professional practice enquiries service - FAQs, American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT), Australian Occupational Therapy Journal (AOTJ), Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (CJOT). (2008). Rogers, A. T., Bai, G., Lavin, R. A., & Anderson, G. F. (2016). Courses with a "C-"or lower are not . *Scores higher than .9 may indicate redundancy in the scale questions. Administration instructions are detailed in the manual available on the website. Questions for undertaking a Test Critique. More importantly, therapists questioned applicability of the tools to the acute care setting where they would have to be administered bedside to patients who were often critically ill, vulnerable, or not feeling or performing at their best. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 44(2): 151-157. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0915, Gantischnig, B.E., Page, J., Nilsson, I., & Fisher, A.G. (2013). 2. no feedback given to client. Chapter 9: Applying models of function to therapy assessment and measurement (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD DipCOT and David Jelley). Standardized outcome tools assist with preventing hospital readmissions in acute care and aid in safe and effective discharge planning (Hoyer, et al., 2014). Characteristics of therapeutic alliance in musculoskeletal physiotherapy and occupational therapy practice: a scoping review of the literature. In January 2017, MSN Money listed occupational therapy as one of the 25 best jobs in America right now. Rehabilitation of anterior pituitary dysfunction combined with extrapontine myelinolysis: A case report. "This is a useful textbook for occupational therapists and physiotherapists or those studying to become one." Intra class correlation coefficients (ICC). An observational assessment that allows for the simultaneous evaluation of motor and process skills and their effect on the ability of an individual to perform complex or or instrumental and personal activities of daily living (ADL). Unsworth, C.A. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 24(4), 3350. Step 6: Decision making in light of the interpretation of test scores. With the growing requirement to objectively measure impairments and utilize standardized measures to confirm patient changes, the ability to integrate and use outcome measures is a key skill necessary for today's successful practice. We discuss what patient-reported outcomes measures are and. (2014). Fort Collins, Colorado: Three Star Press, Inc. Fingerhut, P., Madill, H., Darrah, J., Hodge, M. & Warren, S. (2002). There is a chapter describing and applying models for categorizing levels of function to aid assessment and measurement. Domestic life- outside house 10. Research shows that OT is the only spending category that has been shown to reduce hospital readmissions (Rogers, Bai, Lavin, & Anderson, 2016). As occupational therapists, the authors are aware that the performance of children, such as their level of cooperation, varies across settings and in the presence of different professionals or people. International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap. Introduction to the therapists and the Chronic Pain service. (2008). The material used for this study was supported by Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Reflecting on the data collection methods you use in your practice. 2019 Dec 26;7(24):4420-4425. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i24.4420. Methods of data collection (e.g. Obtaining permission to use a test for your clinical practice or for research. (1995). 1 by U.S. News & World Report for 31st Consecutive Year, Community-Ready Upper Extremity Interactive Rehabilitation, Dr. Lieber To Receive AACPDM's Lifetime Achievement Award for Research on Cerebral Palsy, Global Advisory Services Hospital Training & Consulting, Medical Student Education & Residency Program, Bundled Webinars: Spinal Cord Injury (3 Titles), 1 Year Webinar Package - Unlimited Access, Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy, Making Waves Following a Spinal Cord Injury, Full Circle After a Non-Traumatic Brain Injury, An Unanticipated Head Injury and Incredibly Bright Future, Parkinson's Disease & Neurologic Rehabilitation. Albert, S., Castillo-Castaneda, C., Sano, M., Jacobs, D., Marder, K., Bell, K et al. Students recorded a range of individual characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race, educational level, and diagnosis) and length of stay into an Excel database. ISBN: 978-1-118-70969-6 Learning and applying knowledge 2. A clear conceptualisation of QOL that incorporates occupational therapy values such as client-centredness and holism is needed to advocate for the profession's role in health care and to encourage the development of suitable outcome measures. Robertson, L. & Blaga, L. (2013). La Trobe University, Melbourne. Or Call Toll-Free An ethnographic study indicated that non-standardized functional-based outcome measures are the most frequently used method in discharge assessment with inconsistency in the use of standardized tools at acute care settings (Crennan & MacRae, 2010). Experiences, academics and prerequisites that indicate a focus and intention of joining the field of occupational therapy. Occupational therapists must be committed to contributing to the evidence base related to the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions and know how to select and apply valid and. Problem-orientated clinical reasoning process. Eighteen publications met the inclusion criteria. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68(8), 354- 366. Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2011). Can J Occup Ther. This paper will present the review process, describe in more detail eight assessments that fulfilled many of the review criteria, discuss the limitations of these measures using the "Guidelines for the Client-centred Practice of Occupational Therapy as the framework, and make recommendations for the development of a new outcome measure for use . Examples of assessments that use information from a proxy. There is little consensus regarding the meaning of quality of life (QOL) within occupational therapy literature. A Young Scientist's Journey after a Stroke, Care by the Numbers: Skilled Nursing versus Inpatient Rehabilitation, WSJ: Recognizing Aphasia and Seeking Treatment, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab Ranked No. AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy (2nd ed.). and transmitted securely. Ventricular tachycardia ablation through radiation therapy (VT-ART) for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia seems promising, effective, and safe. Mobility and function are central factors in discharge decision making for OT. The benefits of rehabilitation therapy physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology include improved mobility, enhanced quality of life, and greater independence. 1. measures ability. Some assessment tools can be used as an outcome measure if . Using a semi-structured interview, the COPM is a five step process which measures individual, client-identified problem areas in daily function. Thanks for helping us invest in our patients. Before their fieldwork, we asked students to create a dataset of all the patients they worked with over an 8 week time period during summer 2017. What Can We Really Expect from 5G? Toll-Free U.S. Clinical judgement and clinical reasoning. Physical Therapy, 83(3), 224-236. Initial review and summary completed by Amanda Timmer and Carolyn Unsworth. Results: Measurement of QOL has varied in both research and practice. The site is secure. 1-844-355-ABLE. This is a dummy description. Strokespecific executive function assessment: A literature review of performancebased tools. AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy (3rd ed.). The use of outcome measures to demonstrate changes in patient's functional ability as well as evaluating service effectiveness is crucial for the profession to work in an evidence based practice manner. (2006). Download Product Flyer is to download PDF in new tab. Morris, M., Perry, A., Unsworth, C., Skeat, J., Taylor, N., Dodd, K., Duncombe., D., & Duckett, S. (2005). Unsworth (2004) found scores on several AusTOMs-OT Scales and domains correlated with the EQ-5D: Established through focus groups to develop the 12 scales (Perry 2004) and Unsworth (2005a). Unsworth, C.A., Bearup, A., & Rickard, K. (2009). Once treatment has commenced, the same instrument can be used to determine progress and treatment efficacy. Establishing the overall validity of a test . National Library of Medicine A paediatric assessment involves two essential features: an observational study of a child carrying out specific tasks . Phase I = Administration Preparation; Phase II = Occupational therapy interview; Phase III = Observe and implement a performance analysis; Phase IV = Score the AMPS observation, After AMPS administration, the clinician interprets AMPS reports to define and interpret reasons for the person's ineffective ADL performance. Applying concepts of levels of measurement to your own practice. 1-844-355-ABLE. The aim of this study was to identify the outcome measures used by OTs in acute inpatient hospital settings and to explore factors that impact the use of outcome measures. ; The EORTC Quality of Life Group. Outcomes are established using assessment tools and outcome performance measures. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75(8), 843-851. doi: 10.1016/0003-9993(94)90107-4, Doble, S.E., Lewis, N., Fisk, J.D., & Rockwood, K. (1999). 1347374). The AMPS assesses the quality of the persons ADL performance by rating the effort, efficiency, safety, and independence of 16 ADL motor and 20 ADL process skill items. al, 2002; n = 42; Age Range 5 7; Kindergarten students from five public schools), Children with No Known Disabilities: (Peny-Dahlstrand, Gosman-Hedstrom & Krumlinde-Sundholm, 2010), Developmental Delays (Kang et al., 2008; n = 33; Mean Age = 6.1 (1.9) years; Korean sample), Children With or Without Mild Disabilities: (Gantschnig, Page, Nilsson & Fisher, 2013; n = 10,998; Mean Age = 8.7 (3.2) years; Sample selected from the international AMPS database), Excellent significance between two groups in mean ADL process ability measures (p < .001, t = -4.296), Children with No Known Disabilities (Poulson, 1996; n = 162), Goodness of fit; 90% to AMPS-M, 95% to AMPS-P, Children With or Without Mild Disabilities: (Gantschnig, Page, Nilsson & Fisher, 2013), Big Change (Cohens d = 0.81 to 0.98) for 12-15 year olds in ADL motor ability, Big Change (Cohens d = 0.83 to 1.26) for 6-15 year olds in ADL process ability, Children with No Known Disabilities: (Peny-Dahlstrand, Gosman-Hedstrom & Krumlinde-Sundholm, 2012; n = 4613; Age Range 3-15 years; Subset of the AMPS Project International Database, North American (n = 2239) and Nordic (n = 2374) children ), Community Dwelling Adults (Merritt, 2011; n = 38,540, Randomly-selected subset of AMPS Project International database), Mixed Population: (Gantschnig, Page & Fisher, 2012; n = 145489; Mean Age = 54.06 (24.43) years; Sample from the international AMPS database), Mixed Population: (Fisher & Jones, 2012; n = 148158; Age Range = 3 - 103; Sample from international AMPS database), Community-Dwelling: (Goto, Fisher & Mayberry, 1996; n = 10; Mean Age = 28.9 (3.98) years; Mean time living in United States = 12.4 (8.8) months; Japanese sample living in the United States for less than 3 years), Community-Dwelling: (Fisher, Liu, Velozo & Pan, 1992; n = 20; Mean Age = 28.5 (3.32) years; Non-disabled Taiwanese sample living in United States for less than 3 years), Mixed Population: (Fisher & Jones, 2012), Community Dwelling Adults (Merritt, 2011), Mixed Population: (Gantschnig, Page & Fisher, 2012), Multiple Sclerosis: (Doble et al., 1994; n = 44Mean Age = 44.5 (12.3) years, Mean Duration of Self-Reported MS = 19.9 (12.4) years), Atchinson, B., Fisher, A. La Trobe University, Melbourne. In this study, a non-standardised assessment tool to measure severity of disability was compared with a standardised tool to assesswhether there were differences in outcomes and what, if any, were the consequences for service entitlement. 1 by U.S. News & World Report for 31st Consecutive Year, Community-Ready Upper Extremity Interactive Rehabilitation, Dr. Lieber To Receive AACPDM's Lifetime Achievement Award for Research on Cerebral Palsy, Global Advisory Services Hospital Training & Consulting, Medical Student Education & Residency Program, Bundled Webinars: Spinal Cord Injury (3 Titles), 1 Year Webinar Package - Unlimited Access, Alzheimer's Disease and Progressive Dementia, Making Waves Following a Spinal Cord Injury, Full Circle After a Non-Traumatic Brain Injury, An Unanticipated Head Injury and Incredibly Bright Future.